Blood tests explanation - Ions and trace metals ...

Ions and trace metals

Included here are also related binding proteins, like ferritin and transferrin for iron, and ceruloplasmin for copper.

Test	Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit	Comments
Sodium (Na)	135,[6] 137[7][3]	145,[7][3] 147[6]	mmol/L or mEq/L[6]
	310,[8] 320[8]	330,[8] 340[8]	mg/dl
Potassium (K)	3.5,[6][3] 3.6[7]	5.0,[6][7][3] 5.1	mmol/L or mEq/L[6]	See hypokalemia or hyperkalemia
	14[9]	20[9]	mg/dl
Chloride (Cl)	95,[6] 98,[10] 100[3]	105,[6] 106,[10] 110[3]	mmol/L or mEq/L[6]
	340[11]	370[11]	mg/dl
Ionized calcium (Ca)	1.03,[12] 1.10[3]	1.23,[12] 1.30[3]	mmol/L
	4.1,[13] 4.4[13]	4.9,[13] 5.2[13]	mg/dL
Total calcium (Ca)	2.1,[6][14] 2.2[3]	2.5,[14][3] 2.6,[14] 2.8[6]	mmol/L
	8.4,[6] 8.5[15]	10.2,[6] 10.5[15]	mg/dL
Total serum iron (TSI) - male	65,[16] 76[7]	176,[16] 198[7]	µg/dL
	11.6,[17][18] 13.6[18]	30,[17] 32,[18] 35[18]	μmol/L
Total serum iron (TSI) - female	26,[7] 50[16]	170[7][16]	µg/dL
	4.6,[18] 8.9[17]	30.4[17]	μmol/L
Total serum iron (TSI) - newborns	100[16]	250[16]	µg/dL
	18[18]	45[18]	µmol/L
Total serum iron (TSI) - children	50[16]	120[16]	µg/dL
	9[18]	21[18]	µmol/L
Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC)	240,[16] 262[7]	450,[16] 474[7]	μg/dL
	43,[18] 47[18]	81,[18] 85[18]	µmol/L
Transferrin	190,[19] 194,[3] 204[7]	326,[3] 330,[19] 360[7]	mg/dL
	25[20]	45[20]	μmol/L
Transferrin saturation	20[16]	50[16]	%
Ferritin - Male	12[21]	300[21]	ng/mL
	27[22]	670[22]	pmol/L
Ferritin - Female	12[21]	150[21]	ng/mL
	27[22]	330[22]	pmol/L
Ammonia	10,[23] 20[24]	35,[23] 65[24]	μmol/L
	17,[25] 34[25]	60,[25] 110[25]	μg/dL
Copper	70[15]	150[15]	µg/dL
	11[26]	24[26]	μmol/L
Ceruloplasmin	15[15]	60[15]	mg/dL
	1[27]	4[27]	μmol/L
Phosphate (HPO42−)	0.8	1.5[28]	mmol/L
Inorganic phosphorus (serum)	1.0[6]	1.5[6]	mmol/L
	3.0[6]	4.5[6]	mg/dL
Copper (Cu)	11[29]	24	μmol/L
Zinc (Zn)	60,[30] 72[31]	110,[31] 130[30]	μg/dL
	9.2,[32] 11[3]	17,[3] 20[32]	µmol/L
Magnesium	1.5,[15] 1.7[33]	2.0,[15] 2.3[33]	mEq/L or mg/dL
	0.6,[34] 0.7[3]	0.82,[34] 0.95[3]	mmol/L